(I'm radically simplifying this and not considering VNC compression at all, but this gives you a general idea of how it works.) In RDP, the instruction "draw a box in the middle of the screen" gets sent over the wire (which is much more concise than a list of pixels to change) and the client "draws the box".
If lots of pixels get modified- say in drawing a large box in the middle of the screen, a potentially large number of pixels are modified and need to be sent over the wire. Think of it like this: In VNC, the pixels on the display that change get sent over the wire (simplified somewhat). Conversely, RDP is based on drawing primitives (boxes, lines, etc) rather than sending pixel updates. VNC is a "bandwidth hog" because it's oriented at duplicating the pixels of the remote display. You're absolutely right in your observation that, typically, VNC requires more bandwidth than RDP.
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